Precursor Compounds: Foundation for Chemical & Biological Synthesis

In catalysis, some compounds can act as precursors which are turned into active catalysts during a reaction. For instance, a metal complex or a metal salt can act as a precursor. They can undergo ligand exchange, oxidation and reduction processes to yield the active catalytic species. The transformable structure and properties of a precursor compound determines the activity and selectivity of the catalyst formed. In homogeneous catalysis, it is possible to design metal-organic precursors possessing certain coordination geometries and electronic levels that dictate the extent to which they can activate the substrate and stimulate desired chemical reactions. In heterogeneous Catalysis, it is possible to use solid precursors to design catalysts having particular surface structures and active sites, which improves catalytic performance.